Ground disturbances are natural hazards that can cause significant property damage, injuries, and fatalities if not properly prepared for and managed during an emergency. Ground disturbances can be as simple as an earthquake or as severe as a tsunami. The frequency and severity of these events vary based on location and geographic factors like climate, geology, proximity to the coastline, and nearby population. The National Fire Protection Association’s (NFPA) Ground Displacement Hazard Rating System classifies different types of ground disturbances based on the potential damage they cause and the severity of the potential property loss. This article explains each of the different types of disruptions and what you can do to reduce your risk and be prepared for when one happens near your property.
Earthquake and Earthquake-Induced Seismic Events
An earthquake is a naturally occurring event that can cause severe damage to structures if not properly prepared for. There are three primary types of earthquakes: sliding, thrust, and impact. Sliding and thrust earthquakes are commonly called tectonic earthquakes and account for the majority of the earthquakes that occur each year. Sliding and thrust earthquakes are triggered by the sudden release of the force of pressure that is built up over periods of time and is caused by the movement of tectonic plates. These types of earthquakes can cause significant property damage, including collapsing buildings and earth fissures.
A tsunami is a water wave generated by the sudden release of energy caused by an earthquake, flood, volcanic eruption, or other natural disaster. Tsunamis can occur at any time of the year in any geographic location that has an ocean nearby.